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Background At present, China's Public places health management regulations list 7 categories and 28 sub-categories of public places, but infant and young child swimming places are not in the list yet. Objective To understand the microbial pollution status in commercial infant and young child swimming places in Shijiazhuang City, compare with the microbial pollution in other five types of public places, and find the potential safety hazards in infant and young child swimming places. Methods A total of 3438 microbial samples were collected from the environment of infant and young child swimming places and 5 types of public places (hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets, and conventional swimming places) in Shijiazhuang City from 2021 to 2022. Sampling and monitoring were carried out according to the requirements of Examination methods for public places—Part 6: Technical specifications of health monitoring (GB/T 18204.6-2013). Chi-square test was used to compare hygiene qualification by microbial indicators, and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare overall distributions of total bacterial counts on the surface of public articles. Results From 2021 to 2022, the highest qualified rate of microbial indicators on the surface of public articles was Staphylococcus aureus (100%) for all tested public places in Shijiazhuang City, followed by coliforms (99.44%), and that of total bacterial count was relative low (92.83%). The qualified rate of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 87.76%, and the qualified rates in hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets were all above 92%, and the difference among the 5 types of places was statistically significant (P<0.001). The highest value of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 80000 CFU·(25 cm2)−1 [100 CFU·(25 cm2)−1=4 CFU·cm−2]; that in 4 types of public places such as hotels (except mouthwash cups), barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets was 2500 CFU·(25 cm2)−1. The difference of total bacteria count on the surface of public articles was statistically significant in comparing infant and young child swimming places with hotels (except mouthwash cups) or barber stores (H=5.432, H=2.997, both Ps<0.05); but the difference was not significant in comparing with waiting rooms and shopping malls or supermarkets (P>0.05). The qualified rates of total bacteria count and coliforms in pool water of infant and young child swimming places were 45.99% and 74.69% respectively, and the two indicators in pool water of conventional swimming places were 94.57% and 98.91% respectively; both showed significant differences between the two types of public places (χ2=162.532, χ2=71.910, both Ps<0.001). Conclusion Compared to conventional swimming places, hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets, the infant and young child swimming places are not optimistic in hygiene condition; therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate national health standards for infants and young child swimming places, and include them in standard management to further improve their hygiene condition.
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Background Public places are frequently polluted by cigarette smoking, and there is a lack of accurate, real-time, and intelligent monitoring technology to identify smoking behavior. It is necessary to develop a tool to identify cigarette smoking behavior in public places for more efficient control of cigarette smoking and better indoor air quality. Objective To construct a model for recognizing cigarette smoking behavior based on real-time indoor concentrations of PM2.5 in public places. Methods Real-time indoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured for at least 7 continuous days in 10 arbitrarily selected places (6 public service providers and and 4 office or other places) from Oct. to Nov. 2022 in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Indoor nicotine concentrations were monitored with passive samplers simultaneously. Outdoor PM2.5 concentration data were obtained from three municipal environmental monitoring stations which were nearest to each monitoring point during the same period. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare indoor and outdoor means of PM2.5 concentrations, and Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze indoor PM2.5 and nicotine concentrations. An interactive plot and a random forest model was applied to examine the association between video observation validated indoor smoking behavior and real-time indoor PM2.5 concentrations in an Internet cafe. Results The average indoor PM2.5 concentration in the places providing public services [(97.5±149.3) µg·m−3] was significantly higher than that in office and other places [(19.8±12.2) µg·m−3] (P=0.011). The indoor/outdoor ratio (I/O ratio) of PM2.5 concentration in the public service providers ranged from 1.1 to 19.0. Furthermore, the indoor PM2.5 concentrations in the 10 public places were significantly correlated with the nicotine concentrations (rs=0.969, P<0.001). Among them, the top 3 highly polluted places were Internet cafes, chess and card rooms, and KTV. The results of random forest modeling showed that, for synchronous real-time PM2.5 concentration, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.66, while for PM2.5 concentration at a lag of 4 min after the incidence of smoking behavior, the AUC increased to 0.72. Conclusion The indoor PM2.5 concentrations in public places are highly correlated with smoking behavior. Based on real-time indoor PM2.5 monitoring, a preliminary recognition model for smoking behavior is constructed with acceptable accuracy, indicating its potential values applied in smoking control and management in public places.
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Objective @#To systematically evaluate the detection of Legionella pneumophila in central air-conditioning systems of public places in China, so as to provide insights into the management of L. pneumophila contamination.@*Methods@#The publications pertaining to L. pneumophila contamination in central air-conditioning systems of public places in China were searched in international and national databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022. The publication quality was evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. A meta-analysis was performed using the software Stata version 16.0. The pooled detection of L. pneumophila and its 95%CI were estimated. The publication bias was evaluated using Begg's test, and sensitivity analysis was performed with the leave-one-out evaluation for assessment of the robustness of the outcomes.@*Results@#A total of 742 publications were initially searched, and 29 publications were finally included, all of which were cross-sectional studies. The publications included 10 high-quality and 19 moderate-quality studies covering 6 160 samples, and the pooled detection of L. pneumophila was 17.20% (95%CI: 12.80%-21.90%). Subgroup analysis showed a higher detection rate of L. pneumophila in cooling water (21.80%) than in condensed water (5.50%) (P<0.01). According to the criteria defined in Hygienic Specification of Central Air-conditioning Ventilation System in Public Buildings (2006 version), the detection of L. pneumophila was 23.30%, which was higher than the detection (13.20%) according to the Hygienic Specification of Central Air-conditioning Ventilation System in Public Buildings (WS 394-2012) (P<0.05). The detection of L. pneumophila did not vary in place, region or sample (P>0.05). Begg's test showed no significant publication bias, and sensitivity analysis showed robustness of the results. @*Conclusions@#The detection of L. pneumophila ranges from 12.80% to 21.90% in central air-conditioning systems of public places in China. Health and environmental protection sectors need to improve the monitoring of L. pneumophila contamination in central air-conditioning systems of public places.
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Objective@#To investigate the creation of smoke-free environments in public places in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into effective implementation of the tobacco control policy. @*Methods@#The party and government administrations at each level, medical institutions, educational places, restaurants and entertainment places, and open public places were enrolled. The creation of smoke-free environments was investigated in these places through undercover investigation with field observations and concealed photography by a third-party professional investigation company from November to December, 2022. The building of smoke-free environments (totally 60 scores) and no smoking indoors (totally 40 scores) were evaluated according to the Criteria for Scoring of Smoke-free Organizations in Hangzhou City. @*Results@#Totally 909 places were investigated, and the comprehensive score of smoke-free environment building was (82.83±14.13) points. There were 285 party and government administrations with a comprehensive score of (84.19±12.85) points, 65 medical institutions with a comprehensive score of (90.35±6.95) points, 65 educational places with a comprehensive score of (83.43±16.81) points, 403 dining and entertainment places with a comprehensive score of (80.68±14.75) points, and 91 open public places, with a comprehensive score of (82.34±14.77) points. There were 397 places with standardized tobacco control tips at entrances (43.67%), 308 places with tobacco control signs posted as required (33.88%), 707 places that set outdoor smoking areas correctly (77.78%), 68 places with smoking paraphernalia (7.48%), 28 places with tobacco sales (3.08%). There were 732 places without signs of indoor smoking (80.53%), 850 places without indoor smoking (93.51%) and 24 places without dissuading from smoking (2.64%).@*Conclusion @#The indoor no-smoking is overall satisfactory in public places in Hangzhou City; however, standardizing no-smoking tips at entrances, standardizing the posting of no-smoking signs and assignment of tobacco control materials remain to be improved.
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Background: Exposure toSecond-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) harms health. It is a risk factor for various diseases like asthma, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and lung cancer. This study aimed to deter-mine the prevalence and predictors of second-hand tobacco smoke among adult never-smokers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 participants aged 18 years and above. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit information regarding exposure to second-hand smoke at the home, workplace and various public places. The data was analysed using the Epi Info software for win-dows. Results: The second-hand smoke exposure at home and workplace was 11.4% and 19.1%, respectively. The SHS exposure at bus stops, public transport, government buildings and health care facilities was 33.3%, 13.0%, 7.6% and 3%, respectively. The in-home study participants with a current tobacco smok-er, family member and/or friend had comparatively higher exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke. In the workplace and or public places, male study participants and illiterate individuals had higher expo-sure to second-hand tobacco smoke. Conclusion: The observed level of SHS exposure among non-smokers is a public health concern. Family members should not allow anyone to smoke in their home environment. The public health law prohibit-ing tobacco smoking in workplaces and public places needs further strengthening.
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Objective@#To investigate the pH value of towels in public places in Hangzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for improving health supervision of towels in public places.@*Methods@#One three- and higher-star hotel, one less than three-star hotel, one express hotel, one barber shop and one beauty shop were selected from 13 counties (districts) of Hangzhou City in 2021, and 3% to 5% of all cleaned and disinfected towels that planned to be used were randomly sampled. The type of public places and towels cleaning and disinfection were collected using the basic investigation form provided in the Public Place Health Risk Factors Surveillance Program (2021 version), and the pH value of towels was measured according to the national criteria Textiles-determination of pH of aqueous extract (GB/T 7573-2009). According to the national criteria of Hygienic indicators and limits for public places (GB 37488-2019), a pH value of 6.5 to 8.5 was defined qualified, and the rates of qualified pH values was estimated for towels sampled from different places and with different cleaning and disinfection types.@*Results@#Totally 64 public places were investigated, and 807 towels were measured for pH values, with a median pH value of 7.3 (interquartile range, 0.7). A total of 655 towels had qualified pH values (81.16%). The rates of qualified pH values were 84.95%, 75.56%, 73.21%, 85.61% and 88.81% for towels sampled from the three- and higher-star hotel, less than three-star hotel, express hotel, barber shop and beauty shop, respectively (χ2=19.307, P=0.001). The rate of qualified pH values for self-cleaned and -disinfected towels was significantly higher than for towels with outsourcing cleaning and disinfection services (88.28% vs. 77.18%; χ2=14.973, P<0.001). The rate of qualified pH values was 83.82% for towels with outsourcing cleaning and disinfection services sampled from the three- and higher-star hotel, and was both 100.00% for self-cleaned and -disinfected towels sampled from the less than three-star hotel and beauty shop.@*Conclusion@#The cleaning quality of towels remains to be improved in public places in Hangzhou City, and health supervisions on towels are recommended to be improved in public places.
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In recent years, the "Room Escape" industry in China is booming, and this real live game has become popular. However, health threatening events such as fire, trauma, coma, and lung infection in the game venues have been reported at home and abroad. If these venues are not supervised in time, there will be great potential public safety and health hazards. In this review, we summarized the hidden dangers of public safety and health in such venues, including fire and safety hazards, persistent stress state, indoor ventilation problems, risk of contagious infection, non-player characters’ health risk, special film effects of 4D cinemas, mosquito problems, light pollution and noise, and food safety. Meanwhile, health management recommendations for the game venues were proposed from the aspects of formulating health management standards, improving health security measures, and strengthening related health education to players, so as to improve the hygiene levels of such venues and protect players and staff from injuries or diseases.
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A pegação masculina em espaços públicos da cidade é um fenômeno plural, rico em experiências instauradoras de práticas e modos de ocupar o mundo dissidentes da heteronorma. Não por acaso, foi submetido a muitos registros de infâmia. Dos antigos crimes jurídico-religiosos de sodomia forjados na Europa, que colonizaram, inclusive, os prazeres nas Américas, até sua inscrição patológico-criminal apoiada pela ciência do século XIX, a pegação tornou-se um atentado ao pudor, uma afronta à moral pública. Contudo, as figuras anônimas homoeróticas que circulam oscilantes pela urbe, instauradoras de territórios de prazer em meio ao espaço público, nos ajudam a entender, através de seus rastros, muitas vezes captados pelos aparelhos de poder, justamente suas histórias de repressão.
The cruising gay men in public spaces of the city is a plural phenomenon, rich in experiences instituting dissident practices and lifestyle of the heteronormativity. It is not by chance that this phenomenon was subjected to many registers of infamy. From the ancient juridical religious sodomy crimes established in Europe that even colonized the pleasures in the Americas to their pathological criminal inscription supported by nineteenth-century science, the cruising gay men became an indecent assault, an affront to the public moral principles. However, the anonymous homoerotic figures that circulate around the city, establishing pleasure territories in the midst of public space, help us to understand through their traces often captured by the power apparatus, precisely their stories of repression.
La práctica del cruising en los espacios públicos de la ciudad es un fenómeno plural, rico en experiencias que establecen prácticas y formas de ocupar el mundo disidentes de la heteronorma. No por casualidad, el fenómeno fue sometido a muchos registros de infamia. Desde los antiguos crimenes jurídico-religiosos de sodomía, establecidos en Europa y que incluso colonizaron los placeres en las Américas, hasta la inscripción criminal patológica apoyada por la ciencia del siglo XIX, la práctica del cruising se convirtió en un atentado contra el pudor, una afrenta a la moral pública. Sin embargo, las figuras anónimas homoeróticas que circulan alrededor de la ciudad, estableciendo territorios de placer en el espacio público, nos ayudan a comprender, a través de sus rastros, a menudo capturadas por los aparatos del poder, precisamente sus historias de represión.
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Humans , Sexual Behavior , Sexual Partners , Homosexuality/history , Sexuality , Unsafe Sex , Societies , Cities , PleasureABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the symptoms and signs of acute otitis media (AOM) in infants under one-year-old and the risk factors of AOM. Methods: Care information and clinical characteristics of a total of 304 full-term delivery infants with normal hearing who were examined in Shanghai Children's Hospital from January to December 2018 were included in the analysis. All infants were followed up to one-year-old and the clinical characteristics of AOM infants were collected. χ2 test was used to analyze whether there was a statistically significant difference between the AOM group (AOM infants) and the control group (infants without AOM) in terms of feeding status, daily care, going out, living environment, pneumococcal vaccination, and so on. Logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors for AOM in infants under one-year-old. Results: In 304 infants, 177 developed AOM, and the age of AOM infants was (5.65±2.03) months. Compared with the control group, AOM group had higher rates of spitting up milk (P=0.000), frequent ears digging (P=0.021), participation in early education activities (P=0.000) and recurrent respiratory infection (P=0.000), and lower rate of pneumococcal vaccination (P=0.000). Logistic regression analysis showed that vomiting (OR=2.774, P=0.002), participation in early education activities (OR=3.785, P=0.000) and recurrent respiratory infection (OR=3.638, P=0.000) were risk factors for AOM in infants, and pneumococcal vaccination was a protective factor (OR=0.320, P=0.000). Conclusion: AOM is a high-incidence disease in infants under one-year-old in Shanghai. Insisting on scientific feeding position, reducing spitting and paying attention to the extra protection when participating in public activities such as early education may reduce the occurrence of AOM. Pneumococcal vaccination may help prevent AOM.
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Objective To investigate the hygienic status of ventilation systems in centralized air-conditioning in Nanshan district of Shenzhen City, and to provide a basis for standardizing hygienic management and targeted prevention and control. Methods According to the requirements of "Hygienic Specifications for Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Places" WS 394-2012, 303 public places using central air conditioning and ventilation devices in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City were sampled from 2016 to 2019 for four consecutive years. From these, 19 large public places were randomly selected for investigation of the hygienic condition of the air supply system. Results The qualified rates of central air conditioning ventilation systems from 2016-2019 were 94.56%, 96.96%, 98.33% and 95.65%, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference among them (P>0.05). The qualified rates of accumulated dust, total bacterium and fungus counts on the inner surface of the ducts were 100%, 98.34% and 98.67%, respectively. PM10, total bacterium counts and fungus counts in the supplied air of the randomly selected 19 large public places were 100%, 63.15% and 78.94% respectively. The overall detection rate of Legionella pneumophila was 12.21%, and the detection rate of cooling water was larger than that of condensed water (P0.05). Conclusion The sanitary condition of the central air conditioning ventilation system in the public places of Nanshan district needed to be improved. Legionella pneumophila was still detected in some public places. Daily cleaning and disinfection management of central air condition systems should be strengthened.
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O texto analisa os usos dos espaços e equipamentos públicos de esporte e lazer na Região Metropolitana de Belém/PA, com características de não localização à margem do mar, grande concentração urbana e insuficiência de equipamentos e espaços adequados às práticas. A questão problema surge das dificuldades enfrentadas pela demanda crescente por práticas corporais e como o Estado se comporta enquanto agente regulador dos espaços para suas práticas. A metodologia se dá por um protocolo de coleta de dados que envolvem mapeamentos, aplicação de questionários, entrevistas e inserção etnográfica, sendo a análise dos dados operada pela técnica de Análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam para reprodução do fenômeno já observado em outros locais alcançados pelo projeto de pesquisa original, no entanto, com comportamento diferenciado dos usos operados pela iniciativa privada. Entre as principais explicações, atribuímos à própria constituição dos espaços e equipamentos, frequentemente inadequados às práticas, mas sem que se exijam políticas públicas em nível primário.
This paper analyzes the uses of public spaces and equipment for sports and leisure in the Belém Metropolitan Region / PA, with characteristics of non-location by the sea, large urban concentration and insufficient equipment and spaces adequate to the practices. The problem issue arises from the difficulties faced by the growing demand for bodily practices and how the State behaves as a space regulator for its practices. The methodology is based on a data collection protocol that involves mappings, questionnaires, interviews and ethnographic insertion. Data analysis was performed using the Content Analysis technique. The results point to the reproduction of the phenomenon already observed in other places reached by the original research project, however, with differentiated behavior from the uses operated by the private initiative. Among the main explanations, we attribute to the very constitution of spaces and equipment, often inadequate to practice, but without requiring public policies at the primary level.
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Exercise , Urban Area , Community Participation , Leisure ActivitiesABSTRACT
Resumo Este artigo tem como tema o jogo no contexto de espaços públicos de um centro urbano. Objetivamos compreender a constituição, as ações, as perspectivas e os desafios de coletivos culturais organizados em torno de jogos na cidade de São Paulo. Lançamos mão de pesquisa de campo e documental, empregamos entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os três coletivos em análise formaram-se nos últimos cinco anos e fazem ocupações com jogos em espaços públicos, como em praças, ruas e parques, na busca de ressignificação e apropriação desses espaços pelas pessoas. No cerne de suas ações está a defesa de uma cidade mais brincante, da conexão entre a cidade e a dimensão lúdica nos seres humanos.
Abstract This article is about the game in the context of public places of an urban center. We aimed to understand the constitution, the performance, the perspectives and the challenges of these groups. We conducted field and documentary research, in addiction to semi-structural interviews. The three collectives under analysis were formed in the last five years. They perform occupations with games in public places such as squares, streets and parks, in the search for re-signification and appropriation of these places by people. At the core of their actions is the defense of a more playing city and of the connection between the city and the playful dimension in human beings.
Resumen Este artículo tiene como tema el juego en el contexto de espacios públicos de un centro urbano. Nuestro objetivo era comprender la formación, las acciones, las perspectivas y los desafíos de colectivos culturales organizados en torno a juegos en la ciudad de São Paulo. Llevamos a cabo investigación de campo y documental, realizando entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los tres colectivos que se analizaron se formaron en los últimos 5 años y tienen ocupaciones en espacios públicos, como plazas, calles y parques, en la búsqueda de resignificación y apropiación de esos espacios por las personas. El objetivo principal de sus acciones es la defensa de una ciudad en que se juegue más, de la conexión entre la ciudad y la dimensión lúdica en los seres humanos.
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Objective To compare epidemiology characteristics and control measures of dengue fever (DF) outbreaks in public places in Shenzhen and Hong Kong and integrate the advantages for better response to DF outbreaks. Methods Data of DF cases and mosquito vector surveillance in Shenzhen and Hong Kong were collected for descriptive epidemiological analysis and measures of mosquito control were compared. Results A total of 19DF cases were recorded in 13 d among six districts of Hong Kong, the male: female ratio was 1 ∶〗0.9. In Shenzhen, 20 cases were recorded in 33 d, the cases were distributed in three sub-districts, the Male: female ratio was 1 ∶〗0.82; Age difference between Shenzhen and Hong Kong was statistically significant (Z=-2.855, P=0.004). The time interval between date of onset and laboratory confirmation ranging from 5.5 to 8.5 d (median:7d) in Hong Kong, and ranged from 1.5 to 5.4 d (median:2 d) in Shenzhen, the difference was statistically significant (Z=-3.818, P<0.001). On the 4th day of the outbreak, Hong Kong declared 30 d closure for anti-mosquito operations with a range of 500 m, and monthly area ovitrap index (AOI) was used to monitor the territory-wide situation of Aedes albopictus. On the 2nd day of the outbreak, Shenzhen declared source closure for mosquito control with a range of 400 m and emergency vector surveillance was conducted, using Breteau Index (BI) and Human-baited double net trap(HDN) every 3 d. Conclusions The nature, scale, time and place of the two local DF outbreaks in Shenzhen and Hong Kong are similar. The prevention and control system is more sensitive and prompt, the ability of early detection is stronger, mosquito vector surveillance program is more comprehensive and the frequency is higher in Shenzhen. The epidemic information dissemination and risk communication with media is more active, mosquito management and control is more professional in Hong Kong.
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Objective@#To monitor the second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in residents aged 15 years and over in public venues, indoor workplaces, on public transportation vehicles and at home in Beijing and evaluate the effect of Beijing Tobacco Control Regulation.@*Methods@#Data from 2014 and 2016 Beijing Adult Tobacco Survey were used. The surveys covered 16 districts in Beijing. The study subjects were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling with probability proportional to population size, and data were collected by using electronic questionnaire in face-to-face household interviews. A total of 8 484 and 9 372 valid questionnaires were collected for the surveys in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Statistical packages SPSS 20.0 and R 3.4.4 were used for data analyses. After weighting the samples using complex survey designs, the SHS exposure rates in different places in adults of Beijing were estimated. χ2 tests were performed for the comparison.@*Results@#The SHS exposure rates of residents aged 15 years and over in Beijing who visited health care facilities, government buildings, universities, primary and secondary schools and restaurants declined from 12.8%, 19.7%, 24.3%, 32.8% and 65.7% in 2014 to 6.2%, 10.8%, 12.5%, 19.1% and 32.5% in 2016, respectively. The SHS exposure rates in bars/nightclubs were 89.5% in 2014 and 80.3% in 2016. From 2014 to 2016, the SHS exposure rates declined from 35.7% to 20.0% in indoor workplaces and declined from 3.9% to 2.5% on public transportation vehicles. The SHS exposure rates at home were 39.8% in 2014 and 37.6% in 2016, respectively.@*Conclusions@#The SHS exposure rates in public places declined obviously in Beijing after the one year implementation of Beijing Tobacco Control Regulation, indicating the effect of the regulation implementation.
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After WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control coming into force for 11 years,the tobacco control has made progress in the world and China.Development and implementation of tobacco control policy are fundamental for tobacco control.This paper introduces the effects of different tobacco control policies in different countries,summarizes the progress and challenges in prohibiting smoking in public place in China.In China,the goal of health for all can be only met by achieving smoke-free.
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After WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control coming into force for 11 years,the tobacco control has made progress in the world and China.Development and implementation of tobacco control policy are fundamental for tobacco control.This paper introduces the effects of different tobacco control policies in different countries,summarizes the progress and challenges in prohibiting smoking in public place in China.In China,the goal of health for all can be only met by achieving smoke-free.
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Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da prescrição de caminhada, realizada sem supervisão da execução, na aptidão física e no risco cardiovascular de usuários de um parque público. Para tanto, 113 voluntários foram avaliados por um questionário de risco cardiovascular; medidas antropométricas, metabólicas e cardiovasculares; e testes de aptidão física. Em seguida, receberam uma prescrição individualizada de caminhada, que realizaram sem supervisão direta de um profissional e foram reavaliados entre 3 e 9 meses. Após a intervenção, 88 pessoas relataram ter seguido a prescrição. Nelas, houve redução do índice de massa corporal (-0,3 ± 1,0kg/m2, P<0,05) e da pressão arterial diastólica (-2,4 ± 8,1mmHg, P<0,05). Houve também aumento da aptidão aeróbica, potência abdominal e das flexibilidades de ombro e lombar (+10,3 ± 17,8 passadas, +1,3 ± 4,8 abdominais, +1,16 ± 2,45 cm, +1,15 ± 4,60 cm, respectivamente, P<0,05). No grupo que não seguiu as recomendações, não houve benefícios. Desta forma, foi possível concluir que a prescrição de caminhada sem supervisão da execução foi efetiva em melhorar o risco cardiovascular e a aptidão física dos usuários que seguiram as orientações.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of walking prescription, executed without direct supervision, on physical fitness and cardiovascular risk of the users of a public park. One hundred and thirteen volunteers were evaluated by a cardiovascular risk questionnaire; anthropometric, metabolic and cardiovascular measurements, and fitness tests. Afterwards, they received an individualized prescription of walking to execute without supervision, and were reevaluated between 3 and 9 months. After the intervention, 88 subjects reported to have followed the orientations. In them, body mass index (-0.3 ± 1.0kg/m2, P <0.05) and diastolic blood pressure decreased (-2.4 ± 8.1mmHg, P<0.05). In addition, aerobic fitness, abdominal power, and shoulder and lumbar flexibilities increased (+10.3±17.8 steps, +1.3±4.8 repetitions, +1.16±2.45 cm, +1.15±4.60 cm, respectively, P<0.05). In the subjects who did not follow the recommendations, no benefit was observed. Thus, it is possible to conclude that, in a public park, the prescription of unsupervised walking was effective for improving cardiovascular risk and physical fitness in subjects who followed the orientations.
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Humans , Male , Adult , Down Syndrome , Adult , Metabolic Syndrome , Life Style , Motor ActivityABSTRACT
0.05), but there is great difference in contamination degrees among different public buildings(P
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In teaching the course of Environmental Hygiene to the senior major of the four-year undergraduates of the Department of Public Administration,we have tried to reform the teaching program for the course of Public Place Hygiene.The related theories are taught right on the spot of public places instead of in classrooms.Students are organized to carry out such activities on their own as studying subject matters,consulting related documents and data,working out and implementing programs for on-the-spot monitoring and inspection,and then exchanging and discussing the results of monitoring and inspection,so that their interest in the courses is increased and their understanding of what they have learned is deepened.In this way they are able to apply their knowledge to practice,improve their practical capabilities,and enhance their overall capacity for analyzing and finding solutions to problems they are faced with.
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Objective To Cenderstand the sanitation status of secondary drinking water supply system of public places. Methoods The sanitation of secondary drinking water supply system was investigated by on_site survey method and the sanitary quality of water samples were determined. Results The over_standard rates contents of Fe and total coliformz of water samples of secondary water supply system significantly increased compared with the related levels of tap water of municipal water supply. The unqualified rate of free residual chorine of water sample from secondary water supply system reached 54.55%. Conclusions The equipments for secondary water supply were obsolete and unretional design. The sanitary quality of secondary water supply was also affected by geological structure easily.